Health insurance policies can have a variety of cost-sharing options. Some policies have low premiums and high deductibles and out-of-pocket maximum limits, while others have high monthly rates and lower deductibles and out-of-pocket limits. In general, it works like this: You pay a monthly premium just to have health insurance. When you go to the doctor or the hospital, you pay either full cost for the services, or copays as outlined in your policy.
The remaining percentage that you pay is called coinsurance. If you use an out-of-network doctor, you could be on the hook for the entire bill, depending on which type of policy you have. This brings us to three new, related definitions to understand:. Network: The group of doctors and providers who agree to accept your health insurance.
Health insurers negotiate lower rates for care with the doctors, hospitals and clinics that are in their networks. Out-of-network: A provider your insurance plan has not negotiated a discounted rate with.
For example, your plan pays 70 percent. The 30 percent you pay is your coinsurance. A copay is a fixed amount you pay for a health care service, usually when you receive the service.
The amount can vary by the type of service. How it works: Your plan determines what your copay is for different types of services, and when you have one. Your copay amount is printed right on your health plan ID card. Copays cover your portion of the cost of a doctor's visit or medication. Not necessarily.
Not all plans use copays to share in the cost of covered expenses. Also, some services may be covered at no out-of-pocket cost to you, such as annual checkups and certain other preventive care services. A deductible is the amount you pay each year for most eligible medical services or medications before your health plan begins to share in the cost of covered services. Deductibles for family coverage and individual coverage are different.
Even if your plan includes out-of-network benefits, your deductible amount will typically be much lower if you use in-network doctors and hospitals.
If you're mostly healthy and don't expect to need costly medical services during the year, a plan that has a higher deductible and lower premium may be a good choice for you.
On the other hand, let's say you know you have a medical condition that will need care. Or you have an active family with children who play sports. A plan with a lower deductible and higher premium that pays for a greater percent of your medical costs may be better for you.
A deductible is the amount you pay for most eligible medical services or medications before your health plan begins to share in the cost of covered services.
If your plan includes copays, you pay the copay flat fee at the time of service at the pharmacy or doctor's office, for example. Depending on how your plan works, what you pay in copays may count toward meeting your deductible.
Copays are usually required both before and after reaching a deductible. Some health plans count copayments toward the deductible and others do not. Once you reach that limit, the insurance company bears the remainder of any costs for the rest of the year. Deductibles, coinsurance, and copays all count toward your out-of-pocket maximum.
Think of an annual limit as the opposite of a deductible. An annual limit is the most amount of money that a provider will pay for medical bills in a given year. After the annual limit is reached, the policy holder will again be forced to pay for all of the medical costs just like they were before reaching their deductible. Fortunately, the Affordable Care Act now prohibits insurance providers from placing annual dollar limits on most health benefits for employer-based and individual health plans, though there are exceptions.
And under the ACA, these 10 essential health benefits may not be counted against an annual limit. Then, you will pay only a percentage of the costs while the insurance company covers the rest.
With a copay, it's easy to know how much you can expect to pay for a certain type of service or treatment. But because coinsurance is a percentage of the service, it can be harder to predict your out-of-pocket costs. Some plans offer the same rate for all services. But other plans come with different coinsurance rates for different services. Next, find out if your coinsurance rates vary based on whether you visit a physician inside or outside of a preferred network.
Some plans, such as PPOs , may allow you to see an out-of-network provider, but may charge higher coinsurance rates. Finally, calculate your coinsurance rate by first converting the percentage to a decimal. The calculation then looks like this:. These subsidies reduce coinsurance, copayments, deductibles and out-of-pocket maximums by increasing the actuarial value of the plan see below for information on actuarial value.
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