Surveys are carried out for the preparation of maps, topography, plots, and boundaries to establish land ownership, and used in designing, planning, and building of all types of structure and communication networks. Surveyors use different tools to do their job accurately and successfully. These tools include total stations, prisms, GPS receivers, radio communicators, 3D scanners, dumpy level, digital levels and surveying software etc.
In civil engineering, surveying is an important discipline that is associated with many facilities, including roads, railways, residential areas, bridges, and dams. It creates the legal geographical boundaries and offers data for computer databases. The planning and design of civil engineering projects such as the construction of highways, tunnels, bridges etc.
In addition, during execution, any project is constructed along points and lines established by surveying. Other major works in which survey is utilized are fixing state and national boundaries, to chart coastlines, streams, and lakes, to establish control points, and to execute oceanographic and hydrographic charting and mapping. You are commenting using your WordPress. Peter B. A short summary of this paper. Importance of Surveying to Civil Engineers The planning and design of all Civil Engineering projects such as construction of highways, bridges, tunnels, dams etc are based upon surveying measurements.
Moreover, during execution, project of any magnitude is constructed along the lines and points established by surveying. Thus, surveying is a basic requirement for all Civil Engineering projects. But, most of the civil engineering works, concern only with a small portion of the earth which seems to be a plane surface.
Thus, based upon the consideration of the shape of the earth, surveying is broadly divided into two types. Three broad steps are 1 Reconnaissance survey : To explore site conditions and availability of infrastructures. These observations can then be used to help plan construction projects. The main purpose of surveying in civil engineering is to determine the three-dimensional relationships between different locations.
Knowing information like the distances and angles between points and lines helps engineers determine how to draw up plans for public buildings, homes, roads, bridges and a variety of other construction and infrastructure projects. The points that engineers measure are often located on the surface of the earth, though they can also be located in space. Because intricate, precise spatial relationships and boundary lines are so integral to this process, civil surveying draws on aspects of different disciplines, from mathematics to geography to law.
Civil surveying also involves specific equipment and GPS data acquired from satellites. High-precision electromechanical and optical equipment is also a necessity for ensuring measurements are accurate. So, what is the importance of surveying to civil engineers? Civil surveying is useful in a tremendous variety of different applications, including:. The history of civil surveying goes back to ancient times. Egyptians used geometry to reestablish farm boundaries after dramatic flooding along the Nile River, and they used surveying techniques to design and construct the massive, geometrically precise pyramids at Giza, one of the wonders of the ancient world.
During Roman times, the role of civil surveying took on a prominent place in society, becoming an established profession. Land surveyors created the measurement systems they needed to evaluate and create a tax record of the lands they had conquered. In the eighteenth century, European surveyors developed the technique of triangulation when they realized they could use different angle measurements taken from different places to pinpoint a precise location. Likewise, compasses gave way to theodolites — instruments that measured horizontal and vertical angles with a rotating telescope — which in turn made way for total stations that took measurements of angles and distance with a solo instrument.
Although construction is the most common type, engineers need to survey a wide range of features, from mountains to oceans to rivers. Engineers use several different types of civil engineering surveys, including:. Since ancient times, engineers have developed a host of tools to help them survey all types of features.
In civil surveying, different types of technology are available, like:. When you need 3D modeling to get a construction project or bid off the ground, Take-Off Professionals can help. That specialization has allowed us to develop an unparalleled wealth of technical expertise and vision in civil surveying.
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